Preeclampsia (PE) is a high-risk hypertensive syndrome of pregnancy that occurs in the middle to late stages of pregnancy (after 20 weeks) and has become a major risk factor for maternal and fetal health and safety. Studies have shown that some components of …

Abstract Preeclampsia (PE) is a high-risk hypertensive syndrome of pregnancy that occurs in the middle to late stages of pregnancy (after 20 weeks) and has become a major risk factor for maternal an… []

Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex hypertensive disorder that can develop after 20 weeks of pregnancy and poses significant risks to both the mother and the fetus. This condition is characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to other organ systems, often the liver and kidneys. It affects 5-8% of pregnancies and is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality globally. The exact cause of preeclampsia remains unknown, but it is believed to involve abnormal placentation and poor blood flow to the placenta, leading to the release of factors that cause widespread endothelial dysfunction. Risk factors for developing preeclampsia include first pregnancies, multiple gestations, obesity, a history of hypertension, and advanced maternal age. Symptoms of preeclampsia can include severe headaches, changes in vision, upper abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting, decreased urine output, and shortness of breath due to fluid in the lungs. If left untreated, preeclampsia can lead to serious complications such as eclampsia, which involves seizures, or HELLP syndrome, a severe form of liver dysfunction. Diagnosis is primarily based on the presence of high blood pressure and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. Management strategies focus on monitoring and controlling blood pressure, regular prenatal care, and planning for delivery. In severe cases, early delivery may be necessary to prevent further complications. Recent research is exploring the potential for early detection and prevention through biomarkers and lifestyle interventions. Aspirin and calcium supplements are also being studied for their potential to reduce the risk of developing preeclampsia. In summary, preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication that requires careful management to ensure the safety of both mother and child. Ongoing research aims to improve detection, prevention, and treatment strategies to reduce the impact of this condition.